Modern konoplevodstvo Russian Federation
If done right konoplevodstva - the scope of the processing of this culture - marketing problem will be solved, because a lot of industries will need cannabis, while consuming all its parts that make the cultivation of industrial hemp is almost waste-free production.
Hemp - an important industrial crop, cultivated for fiber, seed and oil. The hemp stalks contain up to 27% of the fiber in the seeds - 32-35% oil. The color and taste of hemp oil is close to the best edible oils, such as olive, sesame and mustard. As a secondary product in the production of oil cake is obtained, containing 30% protein, 10% fat, and serving a concentrated feed for farm animals. About 65% of the mass of the plant takes the fire out of which produce paper, building materials, etc. In general hemp in various sectors of the economy is possible to produce tens of thousands of items.
It is difficult to overestimate the role of cannabis in the problem of forest conservation. Scientists have developed a technology to produce pulp from hemp, bringing its output to 58%. The economic effect of hemp pulp production can be imagined, given that its content in hemp is 5-7 times higher than in the timber. At the same time timber recovery cycle is 20-30 years unlike hemp, which requires less than one year.
Brief History
Since ancient times in Russia cultivated hemp, it was one of the most common crops. Farmers have always given great importance to its cultivation. From hemp weaving fabric from which they sew clothes, and used it for other economic purposes, hemp braided rope.
At the state level one of the first drew attention to the culture of Peter I and Tsarist Russia began to actively sell hemp hemp with England, Holland and other European countries. Rigging Navy in these countries was made mainly of Russian hemp.
Large areas were occupied by the Soviet Union in cannabis, however, during the restructuring during the campaign against alcoholism and drug addiction konoplevodstvo was almost completely destroyed. The bulk of the products that we have produced and exported themselves abroad, began to import. This is mainly oil, rope, burlap, durable canvas fabric.
Today, the world is a dramatic increase in the production of hemp, where the leaders are China, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and the United States. In the People's Republic of China for sowing hemp allocated about 30 thousand hectares of planning in 2020 to increase this figure to 500 thousand. Note that the price of cannabis on the world market at twice the price of cotton, and the demand for hemp fabrics is growing annually by 30%.
Modern Russian konoplevodstvo
In recent years, the revival of industrial konoplevodstva observed in Russia. In 2010, cannabis crops in the Russian Federation amounted to 1.15 thousand. Ha. In 2012, cannabis was placed on an area of 2 thousand. Ha. The main regions of cultivation of this crop - Mordovia - 450 hectares, Penza region - 546 ha, Novosibirsk - 377 hectares, the Altai Territory - 307 ha and Orel region - 290 ha. By 2013, the cultivated area increased by 2.25 thousand. Ha and totaled 3.40 thousand. Ha. According to experts, the positive dynamics of growth of hemp production is observed in Russia.
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According to the Director of the Department of Plant, application of chemicals and plant protection Ministry of Agriculture Russian Peter Chekmareva, production support, and primary processing of hemp within the framework of "State Program on development of agriculture for 2013-2020" is realized through the economically important regional programs for the development of crop sub-sector, and there are examples of this. As a result of the selection of the financial support for the branch target program "Development of the production and primary processing of flax and hemp in the Penza region for 2013-2015".
In order to implement the provisions of the national doctrine of food security and import substitution plan for 2014-2015,. in the Russian Federation there was an urgent need for the introduction of new or previously neglected crops, which applies in particular cannabis.
In 2014, after the announcement of Western sanctions against the Russian Federation there was a question of import substitution, and therefore the research on the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids of cannabis, the expansion of cultivation area have become extremely relevant.
Experience in processing hemp trusts linseed equipment
All winter hemp stalks, bound in bundles, were in the field, spring, they were taken to the shop for processing flax trusts. fiber production workflow consistent and consists of several operations aimed at the separation of the fiber from the woody part of the stem (fires) with minimal damage to the fibers. This process in which the starting material - trust - is transformed into the final product - the fiber. The most valuable fiber - Trepanier, long - get on myalno-scutching units. In this case, the processing of hemp trusts used production line for the production of flax fiber collected from the car myalnoy M-110 L-2 and tryasilnoy machine T-150. As a result of this work, it was determined that the reception quality hemp fiber to equipment intended for the processing of flax impossible. This equipment has been sufficiently well separated fire hemp, but hemp dishevel failed, in connection with which an assessment of the resulting fiber is not possible.
Conclusions
Economic production of hemp seed indicators show that the production of only one seed in difficult weather conditions 2014-15. suggest the potential effectiveness konoplevodstva on the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition to the organization in the processing and distribution fiber, and seed oil to rise substantially indicators.
1. Cannabis plants grow well, develop into complex and netsstoychivyh climatic and based meteorological conditions typical for a significant number of Russian regions.
2. In the case of compliance with the technical regulations of the cultivation of industrial hemp technical crops, farms specializing in this matter form a full seed crop.
3. From these seeds is possible to obtain high-quality oil for food purposes, since, in spite of adverse weather conditions, the yield obtained technical hemp seeds with a high percentage of oil content and a low acid number.
4. Late sowing period is unfavorable for hemp seed.
5. For quality fiber is necessary to use a dedicated production line for the processing of hemp trusts.
6. Cultivation of cannabis in small and medium agro-industrial complex business cost-effectively and expediently.
The research results show that industrial hemp can successfully take its place in the Russian fields, but given the fact that:
- Due to a number of objective factors cultivate it better in a separate crop rotation;
- Intensive development model provides konoplevodstva growing high-yielding varieties, the introduction of advanced technologies of cultivation, further improve the management and organization of work in order to obtain maximum yield at minimum cost;
- To obtain the maximum level of profitability konoplevodstva necessary to consider the possibility of non-waste production, ie, use as seed and fiber;
Starting today, grow hemp, you can be sure that the government is set to promote agricultural activity in the manufacturing sector, allowing in the future count on the individual benefits. If done right konoplevodstva - the scope of the processing of this culture - marketing problem will be solved, because a lot of industries will need cannabis, while consuming all its parts that make the cultivation of industrial hemp is almost waste-free production.
Currently, according to experts, Russia can become one of the main producers of cannabis. Of course, the initial investment of agricultural entrepreneurs in the industry could be significant, as is necessary to ensure the protection of the site, and later to buy expensive equipment, but these costs will pay off quickly due to the increasing demand for raw materials and products made from hemp. All this makes the cultivation of hemp, in conjunction with the cultivation of other plants, it is very promising venture for small and medium agribusiness Russia.