Hemp in the law. How to legally earn a forbidden plant
Russia is not only rapidly losing its position in the global hemp market, but converted to a country in dire need of seed material.
Without any changes cited article published in one of the central bodies of the Russian media - electronic edition AiF.ru. Conclusions about the level of development of the Russian konoplevodstva literate reader let him do on their own.
For centuries one of the main agricultural crops in Russia was hemp. But now the related industry in the doldrums, and the plant itself is demonized. AiF.ru correspondent found out why it happened and how to revive konoplevodstvo capable of enriching Russian.
Hemp traditional
Today cannabis is strongly associated with the drug, and to punish we can even sell items with her image. For example, five years ago in Sochi seized a shipment of caps embroidered with leaves of this plant. Shop accused of promoting dope and fined, and themselves headgear burned. Fight against drugs is necessary, but many people have wondered then.
"If any of hemp figure considered evil, then what of the fountain" Friendship of Peoples "at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements in Moscow, where there is a sculpture of this plant? - They asked. - And why is still not banned flag Kimovsk district of Tula region, which also hemp "?
And yet in the shops freely selling porridge and other products, on packages which you can see the typical narrow pointed leaves. It Themis overlooked, or hemp is different?
For the answer to this question I'm going to the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture - KNIISH behalf Lukyanenko. And in the middle of the lobby, its exposure is derived varieties of wheat, barley and other agricultural crops was hampered by the high sheaf of dried cannabis.
Logically, in comparison with the Sochi caps is just the devil knows what. But it turns out, it is not so simple, because there are beznarkoticheskie varieties. There are already more than forty years engaged in their breeding and therefore know very well that it is wrong to consider the drug itself is a plant.
"Hemp is grown in Russia since time immemorial, and it has been our traditional crops, - says head of the laboratory breeding and seed hemp KNIISH behalf Lukyanenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Tatiana Sukhorada. - Because it made the ropes, yarn, fabric, canvas, hemp oil and other products. Moreover, the main income of the Russian Empire received the fur trade and hemp - hemp fibers. She was also one of the major crops in the USSR. At the time, the share of the Union accounted for over 80% of global cannabis cultivation. Seeding it is just 5% of their fields, the economy received from her half of all revenues. "
From inches to roots
It deals with hemp '43 and is aware of the culture of almost everything. With its participation in KNIISH behalf Lukyanenko first varieties were bred with a very low content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
It is a compound having a psychotropic effect on humans. In those plant species Cannabis sativa, which started with the breeders, it was about 2% THC, which is already very little for fans of "grass". A new grade Krasnodar contain less than 0.1%. According to the World Health Organization, this number does not have a narcotic effect on the human. But the benefits derived to the Kuban varieties, not only in this.
Head of the Laboratory offers me the eyes to see the results of many years of work Kuban scientists. To do this, we go to the outskirts of Krasnodar, which is one of the fields of the Institute. Here, in an area of two hectares propagated "Victoria" variety dioecious hemp bred only two years ago. It affects the height of these plants, because of which it is impossible to cover the entire field of view.
Near the field there is no peculiar smell, which is one of the scanty evidence of THC. Externally, these crops look like reeds, but, unlike him, the scope of application of hemp incomparably wider.
"That is - the hemp fiber, - immediately begins to explain Tatiana by breaking the stem of one of the hands of plants. - That it is used to produce the most durable fabrics, ropes, cables and other products. In general, today hemp can produce more than 25 thousand species of a variety of products. Figuratively speaking, a matter of going and tops and roots. "
Philistines after these words may giggle. For years, shape the image of hemp as a raw material for the drug only doing his job. But all told - the truth. Virtually any product made from wood, cotton oil, or possibly obtained from this plant. From it you can produce biofuels. Cellulose per hectare of cannabis is enough for the production of the same amount of paper as four acres with 15-20-year-old forest, and besides, it turns out stronger and more durable. The same applies to the hemp cloth. From its seeds do porridge, flour, milk, oil and other foods. They are not only nutritious, but also beneficial to health due to the presence of essential amino acids in easily digestible form. Due to the special properties of cannabis in many countries around the world out of it make the drugs used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Also, hemp can produce environmentally friendly building materials.
And even in the defense of the country, this plant is very valuable, because it turns out good powder. It is traditionally made from cotton, but in Russia it does not grow, and therefore cannabis can be of strategic importance for Russia. Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics for many years successfully engaged in the relevant development commissioned by the Ministry of Defense of Russia. The results were presented at the X International Exhibition of Arms, Military Equipment and Ammunition Russia Arms EXPO - 2015.
"Slanted" industry
Fold the history of Russia anyway, perhaps it is cannabis, rather than hydrocarbons would today call a national treasure. In the present circumstances it would be very useful, given the situation with oil prices. But it so happened, how it happened. If we once occupied first place in the world for cannabis crops, it is now about 1% accounted for by Russia. A leader in this field was China. Its rapid economic growth proves that they know well what they are doing. And all this despite the fact that the attitude towards drugs in China is far from liberal. There would not mess with konoplevodstvom if there saw a threat to the nation.
How it was that this unique and traditional Russian culture has almost disappeared from our fields, and for one it is possible to obtain an image is now fine? This was facilitated by several factors. It all started with the fact that the country in a relatively short period of time the number of marijuana and hashish consumers has increased markedly. Fans of "grass" got into the habit to go and see on the collective farm fields, although the technical hemp and ill-suited for the manufacture of the drug because of the low content of THC. And because of this, farmers were problems with the law. Chairmen of collective farms began to press, brought to justice, and many began to abandon the cultivation of hemp.
In 1973 KNIISH behalf Lukyanenko and several other scientific institutions in the country were assigned to bring varieties of cannabis with a THC content as low as possible. But the good results of this work have not helped konoplevodstvu globally. The fact that over time, the industry matured new problems. Do not produced modern harvesting and processing equipment, there was no strategic planning. Although Tatiana Sukhorada believes that in any case all would not end so sad, if the industry has not helped ruin the outside. In the Krasnodar region last penkozavody passed the scrap metal in the early '90s, and in the next Adygeya only one survived.
Hemp sanctions
On the Internet you can find a lot of materials that speak of a conspiracy against cannabis. Believe it or not - a private matter, but, in any case, there is reason to think. Many argue that the competition with a hemp oil tycoons are afraid of fire. From the "black gold" do not only fuel, but also all plastic, and it is quite possible to replace hemp biocomposites having many advantages. The Canadian company Hempearth (Canada - the world's second producer of hemp) took even build a plane, three-quarters consisting of such materials and working on hemp biofuel. Reasons to be afraid of this plant is, and large paper manufacturers of wood. And in order to protect their capital, some are ready for anything.
Whatever it was, in recent years related to the hemp business is actively developing all over the world. In Russia, it is in its infancy, but interest in it is too large, even taking into account the fact that not all heard about it at all. While preparing this material, I met with a man who already has plans for two years to do such a thing and are trying to restore the desired information. Novel light up this idea when accidentally learned about the unique properties of hemp.
"I studied the information on the different building materials, because the dream of his own house, - says the man. - And somehow I came across an article that it can be constructed from pressed hemp, which is very environmentally friendly and has a number of other advantages. Since this all started. Now I want to find investors and to bring people together who are interested in growing hemp and make it a different product. Start a business is difficult, because it needs large investments. But it is very profitable. "
One of the main problems he believes the absence of special cleaning equipment, with which full agreement Tatiana Sukhorada. We do it just as well to get such machines from abroad virtually impossible. According to them, this can also be due to the fact that nobody wants to have competitors in Russia.
"Our country has the world's largest land fund, and if you actively take up konoplevodstvo, no sanctions, we are not afraid, - assured Tatiana Sukhorada. - We will refuse the purchase of many goods abroad and, on the contrary, do we sell them to make money. The development of the sector will also create many new jobs. Besides, the introduction of cannabis in the crop rotation is very beneficial for the soil. "
About five years ago for the development of the industry he advocated even the director of Federal Drug Control Service Viktor Ivanov, Russia. It is believed that extensive crops hemp low THC through pollination, lead to reduced drug forces all plants of this kind to many kilometers around.
The conclusions suggest themselves. Development konoplevodstva very beneficial to Russia. This is a direct way of import substitution and innovation. To do this, we have a lot of vacant land that are permitted by law for cultivation beznarkoticheskie varieties that wish to grow and engage in the processing. But Tatiana Sukhorada convinced that all this is not enough. According to her, to revive the industry can only state program of development of konoplevodstva. And while she only dreams of a time when the fruits of her many years of work will benefit the country.
Comment of the Association "Ukrainian industrial hemp"
Not focusing on the "success" of our colleagues from the Russian Federation, I would like to mention the explicit problems of the industry in Russia, a journalist who is trying to present as achievements or prospects, showing total degradation konoplevodstva RF.
1. Head of the Laboratory offers me the eyes to see the results of many years of work Kuban scientists. To do this, we go to the outskirts of Krasnodar, which is one of the fields of the Institute. Here, in an area of two hectares propagated "Victoria" variety dioecious hemp bred only two years ago. It affects the height of these plants, because of which it is impossible to cover the entire field of view.
"Overcoming the current threshold the yield potential narcotic monoecious hemp varieties, actual problems of selection will continue to be its further increase while improving fiber quality, oil gathering and zhirnovislotnogo composition."
On the agenda should not be removed by the issue of the problems of seed new monoecious hemp varieties, providing the stability and preservation of the population consisting of the maximum number of not only the most productive, but also for its unique qualities of sexual types. The desire to create a population of the most productive plants monoecious materki with prevailing number of female flowers, must be balanced by an optimum seed yield. " from. 301 "Selection of non-narcotic hemp sown"
"According to the international standard for the production of quality seeds, which operates in the EU and in Canada (2000), the number of plants in crops ploskoni superelite no more than 0.01, 0.02, elite and first reproduction - 0.2%. Under such conditions, eliminating the need for carrying out the cull poskoni plants in industrial crops. In this case the second number of reproductions is limited plants poskoni 1.0%. Modern Ukrainian monoecious hemp varieties on the basis of international took to set the parameters. " s.119-120 "Hemp".
2. One of the main problems he believes the absence of special cleaning equipment, with which full agreement Tatiana Sukhorada. We do it just as well to get such machines from abroad virtually impossible.
"Since 2005, cannabis was carried out cleaning combine harvesters. Studies have been conducted of the various modifications of combine harvesters, brief technical characteristics are given in the table. The research work of combine harvesters mechanisms showed that a satisfactory threshing hemp seed is carried by all harvesters. " from. 257-259 "Hemp".
3. Tatiana Sukhorada convinced that all this is not enough. According to her, to revive the industry can only state program of development of konoplevodstva.
Beginning in 2012, after the cancellation of a number of administrative barriers hindering the existence of the most highly profitable agricultural industry konoplevodstvo Ukraine doubled annually. No time is not wasted on writing and the more "promotion" of the state program of development of konoplevodstva. The free market and a favorable legal framework konoplevodstva existence enable industries in any country in the world to actively develop.
4. Even in the defense of the country, this plant is very valuable, because it turns out good powder. It is traditionally made from cotton, but in Russia it does not grow, and therefore cannabis can be of strategic importance for Russia. Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics for many years successfully engaged in the relevant development commissioned by the Ministry of Defense of Russia. The results were presented at the X International Exhibition of Arms, Military Equipment and Ammunition Russia Arms EXPO - 2015.
Comment squeals Russian inhabitants of the plot after the channel ICTV «How cannabis helps Ukrainian army" is not necessary, when the central mass media of Russia boast the achievements of the Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics for the production of hemp powder.
Will make the key conclusion from a set of sentences, which is set in one of the most respected Russian editions. In the absence of the country's breeding and seed production of cannabis is not only Russia is rapidly losing its position in the global hemp market, but converted to a country in dire need of seed material. Where it is not necessary to explain to him before we drove cannabis growers of our northern neighbor. Given the restrictions imposed in recent years on imports of products from Ukraine as well as the absence of real prospects of obtaining seed in other economically developed countries, it is unlikely in the next 10 years, "Hemp for Russia can be of strategic importance."
Information taken from the site http://tku.org.ua